The article gives the characteristics of the population, presents the regime, the aspects of labor, causes of morbidity and mortality of “Vlasovtsy” and White Russian emigres who were in the camps of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and in a special settlement in Siberia. In 1944-1946 “Vlasovtsy” arrived in Siberia and White Russian emigres were filtered by the screening and filtration camps. Then the officers went to prisoner of war camps, and the rank-and-file went to a special settlement. In 1945, the NKVD dispatched more than 20,000 people from Wehrmacht national military units, German accomplices, cadets of intelligence schools and members of counter-revolutionary organizations that were fighting, including during the Civil War, against Soviet power to Siberia from Judenburg (Austria). All those who collaborated with the enemy could be considered “Vlasovtsy”. About 7,000-8,000 officers of the Soviet Army who were in German captivity, as well as former soldiers of the Russian (tsarist) army, who had lived in the USSR before the war, were referred to the “special settlement Vlasovtsy”. In 1946, in the documents of the Department of Special Settlements of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, the term “special contingent” was replaced with the conditional term “Vlasovtsy”. The physical degradation of the bulk of the contingent took place in the camps and in the special settlement because “Vlasovtsy” were used in particularly dangerous, heavy production: in mines, quarries, and construction. Convicted “Vlasovtsy” and White Russian emigres served time in correctional labor colonies and camps or were kept in prisons until 1955-1956.