INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE USA INDUSTRY: A SPATIAL APPROACH

The subject of the study is the spatial innovative development of American industry. The nature and degree of spatial localization, concentration and correlation dependence of the USA manufacturing industries (as the most innovation-intensive) on the implementation of relevant R&D is subject to study. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the spatial innovation development of modern industry in the United States. We used such methods as abstract-logical, statistical-economic (correlation analysis, localization indices), the techniques of which worked on the application of the typological approach. The results of the correlation analysis allow us to conclude that there is a significant (close to functional) direct relationship between the volume of innovative products and R&D expenditures — both in the whole country and in the leading states. The calculation of localization indices and the graphical interpretation of the results obtained made it possible to assess the dependence of the industry specialization of the USA states on the spatial features of the innovative development of industrial production, expressed in various territorial combinations — innovative types of development of national industry. Spatial innovative development of industrial production at the regional level clearly demonstrates a two-level “center-peripheral” trend, expressed in the identified typological combinations. The spatial development of American industry, aimed at increasing the efficiency of production of primarily innovative products, has developed in close interaction (mutual influence and mutual penetration) with the institutions of the national innovation system of the United States, which has been expressed in spatial localization, high concentration and in specific forms and types of territorial combinations of elements of both systems. At the same time, the spatial aspect of this mutual combination and interaction, which is of a traditional “center-peripheral” nature, is reflected in a clear trend of extreme polarization both at the state level and in more extensive spaces — within the regions and districts (groups of states) of the country. This necessitates a qualitatively higher level of interaction between the United States and other countries in the global system of innovation and economic development in order to build global production chains.

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