The article considers the main approaches to determining the causes of state disintegration, including clarification of the prerequisites of disintegration of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union as historical predecessors of the Russian Federation. The prerequisites for the disintegration of the Russian state, which were constantly reproduced in the past, are revealed. The analysis of the political and socio-economic situation in the country, formed in the conditions of the special military operation, allowed the authors to come to the conclusion that by now there are no preconditions for the disintegration of the Russian Federation.

   In the quest for socio-political resonance with its dynamic socio-economic landscape, Vietnam presents a unique case study of political innovation within a one-party system. This article delineates three critical dimensions of Vietnam’s political evolution: the historical underpinnings, contemporary reform practices, and the challenges encountered in modernization efforts. The first section, “Overview of the historical context of political reform in Vietnam”, traces the trajectory of political structures from the colonial era through to the socialist governance and economic pivot initiated by the Doi Moi reforms. The second section, “Current Practices in Vietnamese Political Reform,” provides an empirical scrutiny of the recent initiatives undertaken to improve governance. It dissects the incremental nature of these reforms, ranging from anticorruption crusades to efforts in enhancing administrative efficiency and increasing government transparency. The third key section, “Challenges Faced in Modernizing Vietnam's Political Structure,” critically examines the spectrum of obstacles impeding political modernization. This includes the friction between maintaining party control and adapting governance models to suit a burgeoning market economy and a more informed citizenry. It also highlights the intricate balance Vietnam seeks to achieve between reform and stability in a rapidly evolving global context. Together, these dimensions paint a comprehensive picture of the complexities inherent in innovating Vietnam's political system. The article synthesizes insights on practices and problematics, outlining both the strides made and the formidable journey ahead in Vietnam's ongoing pursuit of political modernization.

   The article is devoted to the study of peculiarities and trends of economic growth on the example of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. A review of the main models of economic growth, including Harrod-Do-Mar, R. Solow, Uzawa-Lucas, etc. models is presented; the indicators used in these models to assess the level of economic growth are given. In most of the models, labor productivity, dynamics of employment volume and structure, structural shifts in the economy are used as the most important indicators to assess the degree of economic growth. As a result of the assessment of the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District the reduction of population in the dynamics of recent years was revealed, with the exception of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which is characterized by an increase in the average annual population. The dynamics and correlation of the value of gross regional product per capita and average per capita cash income of the population of the Far Eastern regions were studied. It is shown that the dynamics of the average annual number of residents is influenced to a greater extent by the migration inflow/outflow of population in the Far Eastern regions. The analysis of statistical data for the five-year period has shown that the level of inequality is increasing for the Far Eastern regions with high rates of economic growth and high median average per capita income. For the rest of the Far Eastern regions with average and below average median per capita incomes, economic growth (or even a decrease in the five-year average per capita gross regional product, for example, as in the Sakhalin Oblast) is associated with a decrease in income inequality. In addition, it has been established that the upward trend of economic growth does not necessarily lead to an increase in the quantity and quality of jobs and employment in the regional labor market. However, the region should be labor-sufficient both in terms of quantity and quality of labor resources. The specific features of structural shifts in the economy of the Far Eastern regions are revealed, the perspective directions of growth of the regional economy are determined.

   The article considers modern topical approaches to strategic planning of economic development of territories using the concept of growth points and possibilities of graph model analysis.

   The aim of the study is to develop a method of spatial clustering of socio-economic units based on the analysis of graph models for the assessment of growth points in the system of strategic planning of territories.

   In addition, we present an approach to the construction of a generalized secondary graph of the municipal network of industrial enterprises based on the position of objects in the multidimensional feature space and the links between them using the UMAP algorithm, which allows us to perform a uniform approximation of the variety of variants of mapping objects in the multidimensional feature space with a correction for the distance to the nearest neighbor. The main hypothesis of the work is based on the graph complexity limitation by removing edges between vertices with low similarity degree and performing further clustering. We propose a minimum spanning tree (MST) selection method for determining growth points in a generalized secondary graph. The developed approaches can be successfully applied to improve the effectiveness of strategic planning of territories, but they require improvement. For this purpose, it is necessary to specify specific key indicators and indicators that will allow to form a secondary graph based on the UMAP algorithm to assess the interrelationships between the objects, as well as to eliminate noise and reduce overtraining of the model. Inclusion of new indicators that contribute useful information about the subject area into the model will allow scaling of the obtained solutions.

   The methods of economic and mathematical modeling are used to assess the innovative-technological potential of import-replacing enterprises. In the methodology the indicators, criteria and limitations used in the process of import-replacing are formed, the mathematical apparatus for their determination and formulas for calculation are developed. The stage of economic and mathematical modeling includes the creation of a methodology and algorithm for assessing the parameters of import substitution of technologies and products. Then the single-factor production function of the enterprise under study, production cost function, profit function and profitability of this enterprise are modeled. Functions are used to reflect processes in dynamics. The basis of the model is the Cobb-Douglas function, which characterizes the processes of import conversion, costs, profit and profitability. In quantitative terms, the parameters of innovation and technological potential of industrial enterprises, used to implement the processes of import-replacement, are calculated with the help of a certain integral. The proposed methodology allows us to establish the volume of innovation potential of the enterprise in value form, as well as its forecast indicators for a certain period.

   The algorithm of determination of priorities of target investment of territorial-industrial complex of Donetsk People's Republic on the basis of solution of optimization problem of maximization of utility function on balanced distribution of target investments between the main branches of industry of the region is developed and substantiated. The proposed algorithm will allow to improve the methodology of distribution of public-private investments in the sphere of territorial-industrial complex, to substantiate the expediency of determining the equilibrium state in the dynamics of interaction of industries. The author's solution is based on the dynamic model of inter-sectoral balance, utility function and optimization problem on its maximization on the set of admissible alternatives (priority levels of target investment) for one of two reasonable scenarios of economic development: recovery strategy or development strategy. The universality of the algorithm lies in the choice of the development scenario depending on the goal of managerial decision-making, which corresponds to the strategy of socio-economic development of the object and the state policy in this direction through the redistribution of investment flows of the territorial-industrial complex.

   This article analyzes the results of external municipal financial control in the sphere of concession agreements implementation in the city of Novosibirsk. The article considers the roles of concession from the position of obtaining benefits or public utility; assesses the achievability of concession goals in practice; reveals actual interests in the basis of concession among its participants, analyzes the mutual benefit of concession for all participants in unexpected forms; reveals the credible interest of the concessor; presents approaches to the identification of concession risks; offers recommendations for the correction of violations and shortcomings in municipal concession agreements.

   The influence of educational organizations on the microenvironment moves from the sphere of experimental voluntary material benefit to a prospective systemic need. Effective interaction with stakeholder groups is possible with the involvement of the career center of an educational organization. The article presents the model of classification of activity of the career center of educational organization with numerical parameters, the distribution of workload by blocks of activity is analyzed. It shows a significant disproportion of the share of docu-mentation exchange among the blocks, as well as identifies the points of growth in activity related to internal business processes and PR/GR-promotion.