The article shows the role of personnel centers, which at the initial stage played the role of not only educational organizations, but also strategic institutions that formed the foundations of state and municipal management at the local level. The article describes in detail the processes of forming the material base and content of the activities of personnel centers, analyzes a number of contradictions that have developed during standardization of educational programs of state and municipal administration. The author reveals the connection of the events of 1993-1995, taking place in the highest echelons of power, with how the position of personnel centers changed in relation to the general system of training specialists in state and municipal administration. The conclusion is made about the importance of the experience of personnel centers for the final formation of the public service system in the Russian Federation.

The article presents role and place of evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of civil servants in the civil service management system. A retrospective of the development of the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness in economics is considered, as well as the development of efficiency management theories in management science. The most well-known methods of evaluating efficiency and effectiveness, which have become widespread in management, political science, sociology, etc., are studied. Based on the study of scientific publications, the views of domestic and foreign authors on the problems associated with the assessment of the effectiveness of civil servants are considered. The analysis of legislative and normative acts allowed to review the most relevant issues occurring in the practice of assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of civil servants in the Russian Federation as a whole and separately in the activities of soldiers by the example of the Federal Security Service of Russia (FSS RF).

The paper presents the current problem of social well-being of the weakly protected category of the population - the elderly, whose number is steadily growing. The article considers such important aspects of the studied problem as the ratio of psychological comfort and a decrease in the quality of life of older people, the existence of biased social ideas about old age, ignoring the role of the elderly population and its potential in social development, the inconsistency of life ideas and attitudes of older people with existing social norms and value-semantic processes. The study is an attempt to obtain information about the relations between the social well-being of the elderly and the degree of effectiveness of social projects implemented in relation to the elderly at the level of social policy in a megalopolis. Based on a standardized interview provided with a target sample, the paper presents the results that allow us to assess satisfaction with the implementation of social projects in Novosibirsk, and, as a result, their impact on the social well-being of older people. In conclusion, on the basis of the proposed criteria, a descriptive model of satisfaction of elderly Novosibirsk residents with implemented social projects, which are a significant component of their social well-being, is presented.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the practice of attracting young specialists to the state civil service of the Novosibirsk region. On the basis of scientific publications, the views of domestic authors on the problems associated with the staffing of public authorities and the involvement of young professionals in the public service are considered. The analysis of the age structure of the personnel of the state civil service of the Novosibirsk region for 2013-2019 is carried out. The most common practices of foreign countries in attracting young personnel to the civil service are studied. The list of tools for attracting young specialists, which are actively used in Russian regions, is described. The problem areas that prevent improving the efficiency of activities aimed at attracting young professionals to the state civil service of the Novosibirsk region are identified.

The nature of changes in the main production factors in deterministic chaos is studied on the basis of averaging. The economic number determines the state of the economy. With an increase in the economic number, a certain critical value appears, starting from which development can become unstable, i. e., crisis phenomena begin to be observed. In the vicinity of the critical value of the economic number, the behavior of changes in the main factors of production is studied. To estimate the fluctuation of the critical value, the function is represented as the Taylor series up to the fifth order of accuracy. The interval of metastability of the economy depending on the change in the economic number is obtained. It is shown that the dynamic development of the economy has only one degree of freedom, while the stationary development is completely determined by external conditions and does not have degrees of freedom.

The article presents the results of generalization of the most important financial risk factors of a mining company. We propose an approach to assessing the risk of reducing financial results based on the combined leverage model, which takes into account the main factors of the property structure and operating costs, as well as the financing structure. As an information base for the analytical part of the study, we used the financial and management reports of a mining company located in the Republic of Tyva, as well as materials on trends and forecasts for the development of the mining and metallurgical industries, presented by analysts from Deloitte and PwC. Using data from the mining company, leverage indicators are analyzed as risk indicators and recommendations are given for leveling the total financial risk in the current conditions of declining economic activity due to the unstable current economic conditions caused by the pandemic.

The relevance of the presented research is determined by the fact that the difficulties of attracting investment are considered by Russian and foreign experts as a key threat to economic security. The problem of attracting investment and financing is particularly acute for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This is confirmed by the results of the international research project “Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring”. The state is taking measures to expand the access of SMEs to financial resources within the framework of the national project “Small enterprise”. As a result of the analysis of financing and attracting investment by small and medium-sized businesses, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop additional measures of financial support for entrepreneurship related to the development of regional institutional infrastructure and aimed at improving the quality and availability of financial resources for investors.

The article shows how high unemployment, low wages, political instability and corruption in the public administration system of Kyrgyzstan affected the external labor migration of citizens. Migration processes from sovereign Kyrgyzstan to Russia are divided into several periods and directions due to political and economic transformations in the post-Soviet period. In recent years, Siberia and the Far East have become important migration destinations for Kyrgyz citizens, which is connected with the policy of the Federal Migration Service of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that Russia, providing Kyrgyz migrants with jobs and reducing the number of unemployed, is a kind of “social shock absorber” for the republic. Labor migration for Kyrgyzstan, in addition to positive opportunities, also has risks, both economic (dependence on migrant remittances) and social (family, pension, etc.).

The article examines the features of the formation and integration of a coordinated anti-crisis policy of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The analysis of anti-crisis measures currently applied by Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Federation to support the national economy and citizens during the coronavirus pandemic is carried out. The expediency of forming an effective mechanism for the functioning of the supranational institution of the Eurasian Economic Union, which is designed to coordinate and implement in practice a common model for conducting a coordinated anti-crisis policy in the context of modern global challenges, is justified. The key factors of economic cooperation that contribute to the creation of conditions for the stable development of the economies of the EAEU member states are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to respond to global crises and shocks in a timely manner when implementing anti-crisis policy within the framework of the regional economic union.

This article is devoted to the study of the situation that has developed around online education in Russia at the present stage, considered on the example of teaching foreign languages. The text indicates that the socio-psychological characteristics of online education are well suited to the new generation of students, Generation Z, who grew up in conditions of free access to information and are fluent in information technologies. However, the transition to distance learning in March 2020 in connection with the coronavirus pandemic caused mass discontent. The article analyzes the causes of these contradictions, which are much deeper than the stagnation of the teaching staff or obsolescence of the material and technical base of universities. Also ways to overcome the contradictions between the classical education system and the peculiarities of cognitive activity of Generation Z are explored. It is concluded that the transition to e-learning is not so much about technological innovation but a search for a balance between the use of traditional educational methods and the solution of those tasks that are set by a new generation of students to their teachers, and the digital environment is a new reality in which the main thing happens - the interaction of generations.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the regulatory environment of public service in the Federal Penitentiary Service. The authors highlighted the special features of the service in the Federal Penal Correction Service, identified problems relating to administrative reform and made recommendations for improving the legislative regulation of that area. Proposed three directions for the legal regulation of the conduct of public service in the Federal Penal Correction Service, emphasizing the basic principle of ensuring the success of the implementation of all directions.

The spiritual culture of Tuvans is an original, bright, invariably attracting attention phenomenon. The main directions in the religious discourse of Tuvan studies are equally the study of traditional spiritual practices using the methods and techniques of ethnography, and the theoretical understanding of Tuvan mythology from the perspective of philosophers and anthropologists; as “field” sketches of folklorists, and methodological studies on the role of tengrianism as an open worldview of the peoples of Inner Asia; as discussions about the role of buddhism in the formation of Tuvan statehood, and disputes about the place of shamanism (neoshamanism) in the concept of regional identity. At this time, the study of the spiritual culture of Tuvans is still in the phase of generating scientific knowledge, broad generalizations are still ahead, they will be made on a solid comparative foundation formed by modern researchers. An analytical review of the religious discourse of Tuva allows us to conclude that it is devoid of polemical coloring. The tolerance of Tuvans and the syncretism of tengrianism, shamanism, and buddhism in a single concept can become the hallmark of the region. Religious studies topics in the research space of Tuvan studies have broad prospects for development and can contribute to the formation of the concept of regional identity of Tuva.